In 2011 during the arab spring uprising, egyptians believed in the possibility of greater freedom. Despite mass media coverage of the recent revolutions and countless analyses of us political interests in. The arab spring was a phenomenon that shocked the international community. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab. Parks on november 45, 2011, the asan institute for policy studies held the first asan middle east. The arab spring in egypt religious literacy project. The economics of the arab spring and its aftermath world bank. In december 2010, protests began against the autocratic government in the northern african country of tunisia. At the time of writing, the arab spring has already brought down four heads of state, in tunisia, egypt, libya, and yemen. Egyptian media, art, or expertise to lead development in the arab world. This paper aims at examining how democratization in postuprising egypt remains flawed and the reasons for this failure. Between the islamic state and the nationstate the brookings project on u. Dissatisfaction with government services in arab spring.
Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the. We locate the roots of the regiosns longterm economic failure in a statist model of development that is financed through. This article explores the economic underpinnings of the arab spring. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes.
Arab spring research guide and notes sheet introduction. Saudi arabia and the arab spring gulf research center in search of stability. The internet blackout in egypt failed to stop the protests, and instead seemed to fuel them. And their night will then begin to fade, and their chains break and fall.
The quo vadis of democratization in postegypt arab spring in. Pdf egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been. The arab springs impact on the middle east has been profound, even if in many places its final outcome might not become clear for at least a generation. Spring, egypt, women and the arab spring, agents of change and the. Ruth hanau santini writes on womens rights in tunisia, egypt and libya in the wake of the arab awakening. Eighteen days of mass protests forced hosni mubarak to resign in february 2011, after three decades in power. Instead, that spring has given way to a winter of economic stagnation and political violence that has plunged syria, libya and yemen into bloody civil war, has led to widespread unrest in egypt, iraq and bahrain, and threatens to destabilize arab governments from morocco to saudi arabia. A year has passed since the democratic protest movement dubbed the arab spring began its sweep across north africa and the middle east. In egypt, protests and strikes began on january 25, 2011. Momani bessma arab spring a genuine revolutionary movement. The arab spring refers to a period of protests beginning on december 18, 2010 in tunisia, which quickly spread to numerous other arab nations and resulted in regime change in tunisia, libya, egypt, and yemen, and repression andor violence in syria, bahrain, sudan, and elsewhere. Causes, consequences, and implications if, one day, a people desire to live, then fate will answer their call.
In 2018, egypt marked the seventh anniversary of the arab spring uprising by closing off routes to tahrir square. Origins of the social media movement in arab nations. Change and purification are two key words you often hear nowadays among egyptian and tunisian journalists. Thus otpur, in line with these organisations advocacies, pushed for political. Protests that spread across the region in early 2011 started a longterm process of political and social transformation, marked in the initial stages primarily by political turbulence, economic difficulties, and even conflict. Disturbances have ranged from protests to full civil war and the overthrow of government.
By early 2011 they had spread into what became known as the arab springa wave of protests, uprisings, and unrest that spread. They also wanted more democracy, and end to corruption, and economic opportunity. Egypt this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. Arab spring and teacher professional development in egypt. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d.
During egypts arab spring, unprecedented popular mobilization and protests brought down hosni. Ascendancy frustrated gulf research center regional politics is now more complicated, with crosscutting alliances and linkages and multiple issues, sectarian, territorial, and political. The us found itself a bystander in the region during the arab spring, failing to anticipate it, but given its. The arab spring jason marshall introduction the arab spring is a blanket term to cover a multitude of uprisings and protests in the middle east that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today. Meanwhile, egyptians rose in revolt as strikes across the country brought daily life to a halt and toppled the government. In this article, we first reexamine the relationship between democracy and the twin tolerations in the worlds muslimmajority countries that are democraciesindonesia, turkey, senegal and tunisia, as well as in muslimminority india. After female activists played a prominent role in actions leading to the recent. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab spring 43 egypt, where arab spring lasted longer, is one of the largest countries in africa with its advantages such as its location, tourism revenues and logistics moaddel, 2012.
List of books and articles about arab spring online. Yemen became one of the first countries to experience the protests. Home browse history african history african countries egypt arab spring arab spring arising in large part in reaction to economic stresses, societal changes, and entrenched corrupt and repressive rule, the arab spring began in tunisia in dec. Zulkuf aydin sep 2015, 108 pages arab spring is a political concept that spread widely in the media and academic art publications. Later, similar rebellions followed in libya, bahrain, syria and yemen. Pdf the arab spring and the struggle for democracy in egypt.
What does the arab spring imply for democratization theory. Egyptian military is not only in charge of the defence of the country but also. Nahid afrose kabir1 he arab spring was a civil uprising mainly of arab youths in tunisia and egypt. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. Dec 16, 20 egypt has witnessed the overthrow of two presidents since the start of the arab spring. The arab spring was a series of prodemocracy uprisings that enveloped several largely muslim countries, including tunisia, morocco, syria, libya, egypt and. Otpor, writes bayat in his discussion of the agencies of the arab spring activism in tunisia and egypt, obtained funds from wellknown american organisations such as the american national endowment for democracy, usaid, and the international republican institute. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. However, these measures did not prevent the overthrowing of the egyptian and tunisian governments, which some argue proves that social medias role in the arab spring is overplayed. Fear and learning in the arab uprisings johns hopkins university. Case studies of tunisia and egypt abdulsattar, tammam omer msc. Saudi arabia and the arab spring rene rieger 1 s audi arabias reaction to the arab spring has been labeled by several academics and the majority of western media as counterrevolutionary. To politically analyze the neverending arab spring, is a difficult task today as the arab spring continues to evolve and change by daily events.
Mar 29, 2019 beginning in december 2010, antigovernment protests rocked tunisia. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab uprisings, particularly the early ones. This paper argues that we ought to understand the arab spring as transformative revolutionary movement, but one that will be faced with numerous bumps in the road ahead. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. During egypt s arab spring, unprecedented popular mobilization and protests brought down hosni mubaraks government and ushered in an era of competition between three groups. Demystifying the arab spring parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya lisa anderson in tunisia, protesters escalated calls for the restoration of the countrys suspended constitution. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012.
Demystifying the arab spring uc san diego social sciences. Starting with tunisia in december of 2010, the citizens of egypt, libya, and iran all voiced dissatisfaction with their governing leaders within the same period. Its uprising also became one of the most consequential. Jan 29, 2018 six years later, little remains of the hopes that the west saw in the arab spring. In march, elsissi was reelected with 97 percent of the vote, although the turnout was low and he faced virtually no competition. At the eve of the arab spring, one out of four egyptians and tunisians young was out of employment. The situation began to change after world war ii, when, flush with vic. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. The economic consequences of the arab spring by mohsin khan atlantic council rafik hariri center for the middle east the popular uprisings that swept the middle east in early 2011 dramatically altered the political landscape of the region with the overthrow of autocratic regimes in egypt, libya, tunisia, and yemen. In 2011 a wave of prodemocracy protests known as the arab spring spread across the arab world.
Democratization theory and the arab spring journal of. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by their countries security forces. Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was also responsible for increasing unemployment. The economics of the arab spring and its aftermath 5. As a background, democratization in post arab spring egypt has collapsed and it seems now merely an illusion.
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